Introduction to Representation

 1) Why is representation an important concept in Media Studies?

It's an important concept because when we see a person,place,object or idea being represented in a media text, it has in some way been mediated by the very act of representation.

2) How does the example of Kate Middleton show the way different meanings can be created in the media?

This shows that at each stage of the representation process, attempts can be made to shape and control the image, depending on the nature of the story, and the news agenda at the time. This could be used to help stir up positive support for the Royal family; alternatively it could imply a critical view of the monarchy.

3) Summarise the section 'The how, who and why of media representation' in 50 words.

When analysing media representations, it's crucial to consider who creates them, why, and their impact. Producers make choices, including elements like wallpaper, construct ideological meanings, which, through repetition, can naturalise certain ideas, making them seem unquestionable.

4) How does Stuart Hall's theory of preferred and oppositional readings fit with representation?

It fits because he argues that audiences do not necessarily accept the ideology of texts passively, but instead draw on their own cultural and social experiences to create their own interpretations. This means that messages are not fixed by the creator of the text, but depend on the relationship between the reader and the text.

5) How has new technology changed the way representations are created in the media?

Individuals can now engage in the act of self representation, often on a daily basis, through the creation of social media profiles and content.

6) What example is provided of how national identity is represented in Britain - and how some audiences use social media to challenge this?

The sun uses symbolic references to promote their idea of an English identity. However, social media forums and comment pages allowed many people to voice their rejection of the messages.

Watch the clip from Luther that we studied in class (Season 1, Episode 1 - minute 7.40-10.00 - you'll need your Greenford Google login to access the clip). Now answer these final two questions:

7) Write a paragraph analysing the dominant and alternative representations you can find in the clip from Luther.

Luther has both dominant and alternative representations. Dominant because he was fired from his job for not following the rules, and alternative because he is a black man working in law enforcement. The boss is a white woman which has both alternative and dominant representations. Dominant because she's a white person with a higher job position, but alternative because she's a woman with some sort of power.

8) Write a paragraph applying a selection of our representation theories to the clip from Luther. Our summary of each theory may help you here:

Perkins theory that stereotypes are somewhat true is confirmed through the character of Luther as there is a stereotype that black men don't have good relationships with their partners and Luther proves this because he seems to be separated from his wife. Also, the male gaze theory by Mulvey is not proved as the woman isn't wearing 'revealing' clothes or makeup for men. 

Levi-Strauss: representation and ideology

Mulvey: the male gaze

Dyer: stereotyping and power
Medhurst: value judgements
Perkins: some stereotypes can be positive or true